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Ian Johnson
scikit-learn
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f34816ab
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f34816ab
authored
8 years ago
by
Chayant T15h
Committed by
Loïc Estève
8 years ago
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Fixes tildes in rst files (#8751)
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doc/tutorial/statistical_inference/supervised_learning.rst
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f34816ab
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@@ -109,21 +109,21 @@ The curse of dimensionality
For an estimator to be effective, you need the distance between neighboring
points to be less than some value :math:`d`, which depends on the problem.
In one dimension, this requires on average :math:`n
~
1/d` points.
In one dimension, this requires on average :math:`n
\sim
1/d` points.
In the context of the above :math:`k`-NN example, if the data is described by
just one feature with values ranging from 0 to 1 and with :math:`n` training
observations, then new data will be no further away than :math:`1/n`.
Therefore, the nearest neighbor decision rule will be efficient as soon as
:math:`1/n` is small compared to the scale of between-class feature variations.
If the number of features is :math:`p`, you now require :math:`n
~
1/d^p`
If the number of features is :math:`p`, you now require :math:`n
\sim
1/d^p`
points. Let's say that we require 10 points in one dimension: now :math:`10^p`
points are required in :math:`p` dimensions to pave the :math:`[0, 1]` space.
As :math:`p` becomes large, the number of training points required for a good
estimator grows exponentially.
For example, if each point is just a single number (8 bytes), then an
effective :math:`k`-NN estimator in a paltry :math:`p
~
20` dimensions would
effective :math:`k`-NN estimator in a paltry :math:`p
\sim
20` dimensions would
require more training data than the current estimated size of the entire
internet (±1000 Exabytes or so).
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