From ad139585b6f370c8effbec9f7d4408e25ad46297 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Kibblewhite <daniel2.kibblewhite@live.uwe.ac.uk>
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2024 14:47:23 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] updated task 2 just md to complete then build
---
ws1/makefile | 13 -
ws1/src/Makefile | 17 ++
ws1/src/task2_test/asm_io.asm | 503 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
ws1/src/task2_test/asm_io.inc | 30 ++
ws1/src/task2_test/driver.c | 6 +
ws1/src/task2_test/task2.asm | 161 +++++++++++
6 files changed, 717 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 ws1/makefile
create mode 100644 ws1/src/Makefile
create mode 100644 ws1/src/task2_test/asm_io.asm
create mode 100644 ws1/src/task2_test/asm_io.inc
create mode 100644 ws1/src/task2_test/driver.c
create mode 100644 ws1/src/task2_test/task2.asm
diff --git a/ws1/makefile b/ws1/makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 96a76c4..0000000
--- a/ws1/makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-all: task1
-
-task1: task1.o asm_io.o driver.o
- gcc -m32 -o task1 task1.o asm_io.o driver.o
-
-task1.o: task1.asm
- nasm -f elf task1.asm -o task1.o
-
-asm_io.o: asm_io.asm
- nasm -f elf asm_io.asm -o asm_io.o
-
-driver.o: driver.c
- gcc -m32 -c driver.c -o driver.o
diff --git a/ws1/src/Makefile b/ws1/src/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ce6c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ws1/src/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Makefile for building task2 program from assembly and C in the current directory
+
+# Target to build task2 executable
+task2: driver2.o task2.o asm_io.o
+ gcc -m32 driver2.o task2.o asm_io.o -o task2
+
+# Assemble task2.asm
+task2.o: task2.asm
+ nasm -f elf task2.asm -o task2.o
+
+# Assemble asm_io.asm
+asm_io.o: asm_io.asm
+ nasm -f elf asm_io.asm -o asm_io.o
+
+# Compile driver2.c
+driver2.o: driver2.c
+ gcc -m32 -c driver2.c -o driver2.o
diff --git a/ws1/src/task2_test/asm_io.asm b/ws1/src/task2_test/asm_io.asm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fcdaf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ws1/src/task2_test/asm_io.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+;
+; file: asm_io.asm
+; Assembly I/O routines
+; To assemble for DJGPP
+; nasm -f coff -d COFF_TYPE asm_io.asm
+; To assemble for Borland C++ 5.x
+; nasm -f obj -d OBJ_TYPE asm_io.asm
+; To assemble for Microsoft Visual Studio
+; nasm -f win32 -d COFF_TYPE asm_io.asm
+; To assemble for Linux
+; nasm -f elf -d ELF_TYPE asm_io.asm
+; To assemble for Watcom
+; nasm -f obj -d OBJ_TYPE -d WATCOM asm_io.asm
+; IMPORTANT NOTES FOR WATCOM
+; The Watcom compiler's C library does not use the
+; standard C calling convention. For example, the
+; putchar() function gets its argument from the
+; the value of EAX, not the stack.
+
+
+%define NL 10
+%define CF_MASK 00000001h
+%define PF_MASK 00000004h
+%define AF_MASK 00000010h
+%define ZF_MASK 00000040h
+%define SF_MASK 00000080h
+%define DF_MASK 00000400h
+%define OF_MASK 00000800h
+
+
+;
+; Linux C doesn't put underscores on labels
+;
+; %ifdef ELF_TYPE
+%define _scanf scanf
+%define _printf printf
+%define _getchar getchar
+%define _putchar putchar
+; %endif
+
+; ;
+; ; Watcom puts underscores at end of label
+; ;
+; %ifdef WATCOM
+; %define _scanf scanf_
+; %define _printf printf
+; %define _getchar getchar_
+; %define _putchar putchar_
+; %endif
+
+%ifdef OBJ_TYPE
+segment .data public align=4 class=data use32
+%else
+segment .data
+%endif
+
+int_format db "%i", 0
+string_format db "%s", 0
+reg_format db "Register Dump # %d", NL
+ db "EAX = %.8X EBX = %.8X ECX = %.8X EDX = %.8X", NL
+ db "ESI = %.8X EDI = %.8X EBP = %.8X ESP = %.8X", NL
+ db "EIP = %.8X FLAGS = %.4X %s %s %s %s %s %s %s", NL
+ db 0
+carry_flag db "CF", 0
+zero_flag db "ZF", 0
+sign_flag db "SF", 0
+parity_flag db "PF", 0
+overflow_flag db "OF", 0
+dir_flag db "DF", 0
+aux_carry_flag db "AF", 0
+unset_flag db " ", 0
+mem_format1 db "Memory Dump # %d Address = %.8X", NL, 0
+mem_format2 db "%.8X ", 0
+mem_format3 db "%.2X ", 0
+stack_format db "Stack Dump # %d", NL
+ db "EBP = %.8X ESP = %.8X", NL, 0
+stack_line_format db "%+4d %.8X %.8X", NL, 0
+math_format1 db "Math Coprocessor Dump # %d Control Word = %.4X"
+ db " Status Word = %.4X", NL, 0
+valid_st_format db "ST%d: %.10g", NL, 0
+invalid_st_format db "ST%d: Invalid ST", NL, 0
+empty_st_format db "ST%d: Empty", NL, 0
+
+;
+; code is put in the _TEXT segment
+;
+%ifdef OBJ_TYPE
+segment text public align=1 class=code use32
+%else
+segment .text
+%endif
+ global read_int, print_int, print_string, read_char
+ global print_char, print_nl, sub_dump_regs, sub_dump_mem
+ global sub_dump_math, sub_dump_stack
+ extern _scanf, _printf, _getchar, _putchar
+
+read_int:
+ enter 4,0
+ pusha
+ pushf
+
+ lea eax, [ebp-4]
+ push eax
+ push dword int_format
+ call _scanf
+ pop ecx
+ pop ecx
+
+ popf
+ popa
+ mov eax, [ebp-4]
+ leave
+ ret
+
+print_int:
+ enter 0,0
+ pusha
+ pushf
+
+ push eax
+ push dword int_format
+ call _printf
+ pop ecx
+ pop ecx
+
+ popf
+ popa
+ leave
+ ret
+
+print_string:
+ enter 0,0
+ pusha
+ pushf
+
+ push eax
+ push dword string_format
+ call _printf
+ pop ecx
+ pop ecx
+
+ popf
+ popa
+ leave
+ ret
+
+read_char:
+ enter 4,0
+ pusha
+ pushf
+
+ call _getchar
+ mov [ebp-4], eax
+
+ popf
+ popa
+ mov eax, [ebp-4]
+ leave
+ ret
+
+print_char:
+ enter 0,0
+ pusha
+ pushf
+
+%ifndef WATCOM
+ push eax
+%endif
+ call _putchar
+%ifndef WATCOM
+ pop ecx
+%endif
+
+ popf
+ popa
+ leave
+ ret
+
+
+print_nl:
+ enter 0,0
+ pusha
+ pushf
+
+%ifdef WATCOM
+ mov eax, 10 ; WATCOM doesn't use the stack here
+%else
+ push dword 10 ; 10 == ASCII code for \n
+%endif
+ call _putchar
+%ifndef WATCOM
+ pop ecx
+%endif
+ popf
+ popa
+ leave
+ ret
+
+
+sub_dump_regs:
+ enter 4,0
+ pusha
+ pushf
+ mov eax, [esp] ; read FLAGS back off stack
+ mov [ebp-4], eax ; save flags
+
+;
+; show which FLAGS are set
+;
+ test eax, CF_MASK
+ jz cf_off
+ mov eax, carry_flag
+ jmp short push_cf
+cf_off:
+ mov eax, unset_flag
+push_cf:
+ push eax
+
+ test dword [ebp-4], PF_MASK
+ jz pf_off
+ mov eax, parity_flag
+ jmp short push_pf
+pf_off:
+ mov eax, unset_flag
+push_pf:
+ push eax
+
+ test dword [ebp-4], AF_MASK
+ jz af_off
+ mov eax, aux_carry_flag
+ jmp short push_af
+af_off:
+ mov eax, unset_flag
+push_af:
+ push eax
+
+ test dword [ebp-4], ZF_MASK
+ jz zf_off
+ mov eax, zero_flag
+ jmp short push_zf
+zf_off:
+ mov eax, unset_flag
+push_zf:
+ push eax
+
+ test dword [ebp-4], SF_MASK
+ jz sf_off
+ mov eax, sign_flag
+ jmp short push_sf
+sf_off:
+ mov eax, unset_flag
+push_sf:
+ push eax
+
+ test dword [ebp-4], DF_MASK
+ jz df_off
+ mov eax, dir_flag
+ jmp short push_df
+df_off:
+ mov eax, unset_flag
+push_df:
+ push eax
+
+ test dword [ebp-4], OF_MASK
+ jz of_off
+ mov eax, overflow_flag
+ jmp short push_of
+of_off:
+ mov eax, unset_flag
+push_of:
+ push eax
+
+ push dword [ebp-4] ; FLAGS
+ mov eax, [ebp+4]
+ sub eax, 10 ; EIP on stack is 10 bytes ahead of orig
+ push eax ; EIP
+ lea eax, [ebp+12]
+ push eax ; original ESP
+ push dword [ebp] ; original EBP
+ push edi
+ push esi
+ push edx
+ push ecx
+ push ebx
+ push dword [ebp-8] ; original EAX
+ push dword [ebp+8] ; # of dump
+ push dword reg_format
+ call _printf
+ add esp, 76
+ popf
+ popa
+ leave
+ ret 4
+
+sub_dump_stack:
+ enter 0,0
+ pusha
+ pushf
+
+ lea eax, [ebp+20]
+ push eax ; original ESP
+ push dword [ebp] ; original EBP
+ push dword [ebp+8] ; # of dump
+ push dword stack_format
+ call _printf
+ add esp, 16
+
+ mov ebx, [ebp] ; ebx = original ebp
+ mov eax, [ebp+16] ; eax = # dwords above ebp
+ shl eax, 2 ; eax *= 4
+ add ebx, eax ; ebx = & highest dword in stack to display
+ mov edx, [ebp+16]
+ mov ecx, edx
+ add ecx, [ebp+12]
+ inc ecx ; ecx = # of dwords to display
+
+stack_line_loop:
+ push edx
+ push ecx ; save ecx & edx
+
+ push dword [ebx] ; value on stack
+ push ebx ; address of value on stack
+ mov eax, edx
+ sal eax, 2 ; eax = 4*edx
+ push eax ; offset from ebp
+ push dword stack_line_format
+ call _printf
+ add esp, 16
+
+ pop ecx
+ pop edx
+
+ sub ebx, 4
+ dec edx
+ loop stack_line_loop
+
+ popf
+ popa
+ leave
+ ret 12
+
+
+sub_dump_mem:
+ enter 0,0
+ pusha
+ pushf
+
+ push dword [ebp+12]
+ push dword [ebp+16]
+ push dword mem_format1
+ call _printf
+ add esp, 12
+ mov esi, [ebp+12] ; address
+ and esi, 0FFFFFFF0h ; move to start of paragraph
+ mov ecx, [ebp+8]
+ inc ecx
+mem_outer_loop:
+ push ecx
+ push esi
+ push dword mem_format2
+ call _printf
+ add esp, 8
+
+ xor ebx, ebx
+mem_hex_loop:
+ xor eax, eax
+ mov al, [esi + ebx]
+ push eax
+ push dword mem_format3
+ call _printf
+ add esp, 8
+ inc ebx
+ cmp ebx, 16
+ jl mem_hex_loop
+
+ mov eax, '"'
+ call print_char
+ xor ebx, ebx
+mem_char_loop:
+ xor eax, eax
+ mov al, [esi+ebx]
+ cmp al, 32
+ jl non_printable
+ cmp al, 126
+ jg non_printable
+ jmp short mem_char_loop_continue
+non_printable:
+ mov eax, '?'
+mem_char_loop_continue:
+ call print_char
+
+ inc ebx
+ cmp ebx, 16
+ jl mem_char_loop
+
+ mov eax, '"'
+ call print_char
+ call print_nl
+
+ add esi, 16
+ pop ecx
+ loop mem_outer_loop
+
+ popf
+ popa
+ leave
+ ret 12
+
+; function sub_dump_math
+; prints out state of math coprocessor without modifying the coprocessor
+; or regular processor state
+; Parameters:
+; dump number - dword at [ebp+8]
+; Local variables:
+; ebp-108 start of fsave buffer
+; ebp-116 temp double
+; Notes: This procedure uses the Pascal convention.
+; fsave buffer structure:
+; ebp-108 control word
+; ebp-104 status word
+; ebp-100 tag word
+; ebp-80 ST0
+; ebp-70 ST1
+; ebp-60 ST2 ...
+; ebp-10 ST7
+;
+sub_dump_math:
+ enter 116,0
+ pusha
+ pushf
+
+ fsave [ebp-108] ; save coprocessor state to memory
+ mov eax, [ebp-104] ; status word
+ and eax, 0FFFFh
+ push eax
+ mov eax, [ebp-108] ; control word
+ and eax, 0FFFFh
+ push eax
+ push dword [ebp+8]
+ push dword math_format1
+ call _printf
+ add esp, 16
+;
+; rotate tag word so that tags in same order as numbers are
+; in the stack
+;
+ mov cx, [ebp-104] ; ax = status word
+ shr cx, 11
+ and cx, 7 ; cl = physical state of number on stack top
+ mov bx, [ebp-100] ; bx = tag word
+ shl cl,1 ; cl *= 2
+ ror bx, cl ; move top of stack tag to lowest bits
+
+ mov edi, 0 ; edi = stack number of number
+ lea esi, [ebp-80] ; esi = address of ST0
+ mov ecx, 8 ; ecx = loop counter
+tag_loop:
+ push ecx
+ mov ax, 3
+ and ax, bx ; ax = current tag
+ or ax, ax ; 00 -> valid number
+ je valid_st
+ cmp ax, 1 ; 01 -> zero
+ je zero_st
+ cmp ax, 2 ; 10 -> invalid number
+ je invalid_st
+ push edi ; 11 -> empty
+ push dword empty_st_format
+ call _printf
+ add esp, 8
+ jmp short cont_tag_loop
+zero_st:
+ fldz
+ jmp short print_real
+valid_st:
+ fld tword [esi]
+print_real:
+ fstp qword [ebp-116]
+ push dword [ebp-112]
+ push dword [ebp-116]
+ push edi
+ push dword valid_st_format
+ call _printf
+ add esp, 16
+ jmp short cont_tag_loop
+invalid_st:
+ push edi
+ push dword invalid_st_format
+ call _printf
+ add esp, 8
+cont_tag_loop:
+ ror bx, 2 ; mov next tag into lowest bits
+ inc edi
+ add esi, 10 ; mov to next number on stack
+ pop ecx
+ loop tag_loop
+
+ frstor [ebp-108] ; restore coprocessor state
+ popf
+ popa
+ leave
+ ret 4
+
diff --git a/ws1/src/task2_test/asm_io.inc b/ws1/src/task2_test/asm_io.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9163be3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ws1/src/task2_test/asm_io.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+ extern read_int, print_int, print_string
+ extern read_char, print_char, print_nl
+ extern sub_dump_regs, sub_dump_mem, sub_dump_math, sub_dump_stack
+
+%macro dump_regs 1
+ push dword %1
+ call sub_dump_regs
+%endmacro
+
+
+;
+; usage: dump_mem label, start-address, # paragraphs
+%macro dump_mem 3
+ push dword %1
+ push dword %2
+ push dword %3
+ call sub_dump_mem
+%endmacro
+
+%macro dump_math 1
+ push dword %1
+ call sub_dump_math
+%endmacro
+
+%macro dump_stack 3
+ push dword %3
+ push dword %2
+ push dword %1
+ call sub_dump_stack
+%endmacro
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ws1/src/task2_test/driver.c b/ws1/src/task2_test/driver.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c33ae5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ws1/src/task2_test/driver.c
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+int __attribute__((cdecl)) asm_main( void );
+int main() {
+int ret_status;
+ret_status = asm_main();
+return ret_status;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ws1/src/task2_test/task2.asm b/ws1/src/task2_test/task2.asm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e958ba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ws1/src/task2_test/task2.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+%include "./asm_io.inc" ; Include I/O library for all I/O operations
+
+; --- Data Segment ---
+
+segment .data
+ welcome_msg db "Hello Thanks for playing - may the ods ever be in your favour, ", 0 ; Welcome message string
+ prompt_name db "Please enter your Name (mine is Bob): ", 0 ; Prompt message for entering name
+ prompt_count db "Enter number of times to print (between 50 and 100): ", 0 ; Prompt for number of repetitions
+ prompt_start db "Enter the start of the range (1 to 100): ", 0 ; Prompt for range start
+ prompt_end db "Enter the end of the range (1 to 100): ", 0 ; Prompt for range end
+ range_error_msg db "Error: Invalid range.", 0 ; Error message for invalid range
+ sum_result_msg db "The sum of numbers in the range is: ", 0 ; Result message for range sum
+ error_msg db "Error: Number must be between 50 and 100.", 0 ; Error message for invalid count
+ newline db 10, 0 ; Newline character
+
+; --- BSS Segment ---
+
+segment .bss
+ name resb 30 ; Reserve 30 bytes for storing the user's name
+ count resd 1 ; Reserve space for storing the count
+ array resd 100 ; Reserve space for 100 integers
+ sum resd 1 ; Reserve space for the calculated sum
+ start_range resd 1 ; Reserve space for the start of the range
+ end_range resd 1 ; Reserve space for the end of the range
+
+; --- Code Segment ---
+
+segment .text
+ global asm_main ; Make asm_main accessible externally
+
+asm_main:
+ pusha ; Save the current state of all general-purpose registers
+
+ ; --- Prompt for entering and reading the user’s name ---
+
+ mov eax, prompt_name ; Load prompt_name address into EAX
+ call print_string ; Display the name prompt
+ mov edi, name ; Move address to store the name into EDI
+ mov ecx, 30 ; Set loop counter to 30 for name input length
+ xor al, al ; Clear AL for storing characters
+
+read_name_loop:
+ call read_char ; Read a character from the user
+ cmp al, 10 ; Compare with newline character
+ je name_input_complete ; If newline, finish input
+ stosb ; Store the character in AL to the memory at EDI
+ loop read_name_loop ; Repeat for all characters
+
+name_input_complete:
+ mov byte [edi], 0 ; Null-terminate the user's inputted name
+
+ ; --- Prompt for entering and reading the count ---
+
+ mov eax, prompt_count ; Load address of prompt_count into EAX
+ call print_string ; Display the count prompt
+ call read_int ; Read the integer input
+ mov [count], eax ; Store the user's inputted count
+
+ ; --- Validating count ---
+
+ mov eax, [count] ; Move count into EAX for validation
+ cmp eax, 50 ; Compare count with 50
+ jl display_error ; Jump to error if less than 50
+ cmp eax, 100 ; Compare count with 100
+ jg display_error ; Jump to error if greater than 100
+
+ ; --- Loop for printing the welcome message ---
+
+ mov ecx, eax ; Load count into ECX as loop counter
+
+print_welcome:
+ mov eax, welcome_msg ; Load address of welcome_msg into EAX
+ call print_string ; Print the welcome message
+ mov eax, name ; Load address of name into EAX
+ call print_string ; Print the user's name
+ call print_nl ; Print a newline after each message
+ loop print_welcome ; Repeat for count times
+
+ ; --- Initialise my array with values from 1 to 100 ---
+
+ mov ecx, 100 ; Set loop counter `ECX` to 100
+ mov eax, 1 ; Start with the number 1
+ mov ebx, array ; Point `EBX` to the start of the array (index 0)
+
+initialise_array:
+ mov [ebx], eax ; Store the value in `EAX` at address `EBX`
+ inc eax ; Increment `EAX` to the next number
+ add ebx, 4 ; Move `EBX` 4 bytes forward to the next integer
+ dec ecx ; Decrement loop counter `ECX`
+ cmp ecx, 0 ; Check if `ECX` is zero
+ jne initialise_array ; Repeat until all values are stored
+
+ ; --- Prompt for the range input ---
+
+ mov eax, prompt_start ; Load prompt for start of range into EAX
+ call print_string ; Display the start range prompt
+ call read_int ; Read the start range input
+ mov [start_range], eax ; Store the start of the range
+
+ mov eax, prompt_end ; Load prompt for end of range into EAX
+ call print_string ; Display the end range prompt
+ call read_int ; Read the end range input
+ mov [end_range], eax ; Store the end of the range
+
+ ; --- Validate the range ---
+
+ mov eax, [start_range] ; Load start_range into EAX
+ cmp eax, 1 ; Ensure start_range is at least 1
+ jl range_error ; Jump to error if less than 1
+ mov ebx, [end_range] ; Load end_range into EBX
+ cmp ebx, 100 ; Ensure end_range is at most 100
+ jg range_error ; Jump to error if more than 100
+ cmp eax, ebx ; Ensure start is less than or equal to end
+ jg range_error ; Jump to error if invalid range
+
+ ; --- Summing the array within the given range ---
+
+ mov ecx, eax ; Load start_range as starting index into ECX
+ dec ecx ; Convert to zero-based index
+ mov ebx, [end_range] ; Load end_range to EBX
+ sub ebx, eax ; Calculate the range length
+ inc ebx ; Adjust range to include endpoint
+ mov edx, 0 ; Initialize sum accumulator in EDX
+ lea edi, [array] ; Load base address of array into EDI
+
+sum_array:
+ add edx, [edi + ecx*4] ; Add current element to sum
+ inc ecx ; Move to next index
+ dec ebx ; Decrement range length
+ jnz sum_array ; Repeat until range is covered
+
+ mov [sum], edx ; Store the calculated sum
+
+ ; --- Display the result of sum within range ---
+
+ mov eax, sum_result_msg ; Load result message into EAX
+ call print_string ; Display the result message
+ mov eax, [sum] ; Load calculated sum into EAX
+ call print_int ; Print the sum
+ call print_nl ; Print a newline
+
+ ; --- Programme exit point ---
+
+ popa ; Restore original values of registers
+ ret ; Return from the main function
+
+display_error:
+ mov eax, error_msg ; Load error message address
+ call print_string ; Display error message
+ call print_nl ; Print newline after error message
+ jmp exit_programme ; Jump to program exit
+
+range_error:
+ mov eax, range_error_msg ; Load range error message address
+ call print_string ; Display range error message
+ call print_nl ; Print newline after range error
+
+exit_programme:
+ popa ; Restore states of the registers
+ mov eax, 0 ; Signal successful completion
+ ret ; Return from the function
--
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