diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 1c091a9ae8ad693601365c4b38b010b01ad89aa8..63bdae936eddfb85f868628c2b7ea0cdc72f9db6 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -63,10 +63,1453 @@
### Issues
- The gameplay seems to fragment possibly due to a logical error in my code (**will revisit**)
+- (REVISIT) to get a fully function version of my game with no bugs replace the following
+- ui.cpp
+#include "UI.hpp"
+#include <cmath>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+
+// Credit text with author name
+const std::string CREDIT_TEXT = "2048 Game";
+
+UI::UI()
+ : currentState(UIState::MAIN_MENU), previousState(UIState::MAIN_MENU), selectedMenuOption(0),
+ mainWindow(nullptr), gameWindow(nullptr), scoreWindow(nullptr), infoWindow(nullptr),
+ currentGameMode(GameModeType::CLASSIC), backgroundEffectTimer(0.0f),
+ animationsEnabled(true), currentTheme(0) {
+
+ // Initialize menu options
+ mainMenuOptions = {"Play Game", "Select Mode", "Settings", "Tutorial", "Quit"};
+ modeSelectionOptions = {"Classic", "Back"};
+ pauseMenuOptions = {"Resume", "Restart", "Main Menu", "Quit"};
+ settingsOptions = {"Animations: ON", "Theme: Default", "Back"};
+
+ // Initialize themes
+ initializeThemes();
+}
+
+UI::~UI() {
+ destroyWindows();
+ endwin();
+}
+
+bool UI::initialize() {
+ // Initialize ncurses
+ initscr();
+ start_color();
+ cbreak();
+ noecho();
+ keypad(stdscr, TRUE);
+ curs_set(0); // Hide cursor
+ timeout(50); // Non-blocking input with ~20fps refresh rate
+
+ if (!has_colors()) {
+ endwin();
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ // Initialize color pairs
+ init_pair(1, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_WHITE); // Default
+ init_pair(2, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_GREEN); // 2
+ init_pair(3, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_CYAN); // 4
+ init_pair(4, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_BLUE); // 8
+ init_pair(5, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_MAGENTA); // 16
+ init_pair(6, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_RED); // 32
+ init_pair(7, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_BLUE); // 64
+ init_pair(8, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_MAGENTA); // 128
+ init_pair(9, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_RED); // 256
+ init_pair(10, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_YELLOW); // 512
+ init_pair(11, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_YELLOW); // 1024
+ init_pair(12, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_GREEN); // 2048
+ init_pair(13, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_RED); // Higher
+ init_pair(14, COLOR_YELLOW, COLOR_BLACK); // Gold text
+ init_pair(15, COLOR_CYAN, COLOR_BLACK); // Cyan text
+
+ // Initialize game
+ game = Game2048();
+
+ // Create windows
+ createWindows();
+
+ // Set up game callbacks
+ game.addObserver([this](GameEvent event, int row, int col, int value) {
+ switch (event) {
+ case GameEvent::TILE_MERGED:
+ onTileMerged(row, col, value);
+ break;
+ case GameEvent::TILE_SPAWNED:
+ onTileSpawned(row, col, value);
+ break;
+ case GameEvent::SCORE_CHANGED:
+ onScoreChanged(value, game.getScore() - value);
+ break;
+ case GameEvent::GAME_WON:
+ onVictory();
+ break;
+ case GameEvent::GAME_OVER:
+ onGameOver();
+ break;
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+ });
+
+ // Set default game mode
+ setGameMode(GameModeType::CLASSIC);
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+void UI::createWindows() {
+ int maxY, maxX;
+ getmaxyx(stdscr, maxY, maxX);
+
+ // Main window covers the entire screen
+ mainWindow = newwin(maxY, maxX, 0, 0);
+ keypad(mainWindow, TRUE);
+
+ // Game window for the actual 2048 board
+ gameWindow = newwin(SIZE * 2 + 2, SIZE * 6 + 2, 2, (maxX - (SIZE * 6 + 2)) / 2);
+
+ // Score window for displaying score and other game info
+ scoreWindow = newwin(3, 20, 2, maxX - 25);
+
+ // Info window for instructions and status messages
+ infoWindow = newwin(5, maxX - 4, maxY - 6, 2);
+}
+
+void UI::destroyWindows() {
+ if (mainWindow) delwin(mainWindow);
+ if (gameWindow) delwin(gameWindow);
+ if (scoreWindow) delwin(scoreWindow);
+ if (infoWindow) delwin(infoWindow);
+}
+
+void UI::initializeThemes() {
+ // Default theme
+ Theme defaultTheme;
+ defaultTheme.name = "Default";
+
+ // Dark theme
+ Theme darkTheme;
+ darkTheme.name = "Dark";
+
+ // Add themes to the list
+ themes.push_back(defaultTheme);
+ themes.push_back(darkTheme);
+}
+
+void UI::applyTheme(int themeIndex) {
+ if (themeIndex < 0 || themeIndex >= static_cast<int>(themes.size())) {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ currentTheme = themeIndex;
+
+ // Apply theme colors
+ const Theme& theme = themes[currentTheme];
+
+ // Update settings menu
+ settingsOptions[1] = "Theme: " + theme.name;
+}
+
+void UI::run() {
+ auto lastTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+
+ while (currentState != UIState::EXIT_CONFIRM) {
+ // Calculate delta time
+ auto currentTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+ std::chrono::duration<float> duration = currentTime - lastTime;
+ float deltaTime = duration.count();
+ lastTime = currentTime;
+
+ // Update background effect timer
+ backgroundEffectTimer += deltaTime;
+
+ // Update game mode
+ if (currentState == UIState::GAME_PLAYING && gameMode) {
+ gameMode->update(game, deltaTime);
+ }
+
+ // Draw UI based on current state
+ switch (currentState) {
+ case UIState::MAIN_MENU:
+ drawMainMenu();
+ handleMainMenuInput();
+ break;
+
+ case UIState::MODE_SELECTION:
+ drawModeSelection();
+ handleModeSelectionInput();
+ break;
+
+ case UIState::GAME_PLAYING:
+ drawBoard();
+ drawScore();
+ drawInfo();
+ handleGameInput();
+ break;
+
+ case UIState::PAUSE_MENU:
+ drawBoard(); // Draw board in background
+ drawPauseMenu();
+ handlePauseMenuInput();
+ break;
+
+ case UIState::GAME_OVER:
+ drawBoard(); // Draw board in background
+ drawGameOver();
+ handlePauseMenuInput(); // Reusing pause menu input handler
+ break;
+
+ case UIState::VICTORY:
+ drawBoard(); // Draw board in background
+ drawVictory();
+ handlePauseMenuInput(); // Reusing pause menu input handler
+ break;
+
+ case UIState::TUTORIAL:
+ drawTutorial();
+ handleTutorialInput();
+ break;
+
+ case UIState::SETTINGS:
+ drawSettings();
+ handleSettingsInput();
+ break;
+
+ case UIState::EXIT_CONFIRM:
+ drawExitConfirm();
+ handleExitConfirmInput();
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // Limit frame rate to reduce CPU usage
+ std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50)); // ~20 FPS
+ }
+}
+
+void UI::setState(UIState newState) {
+ previousState = currentState;
+ currentState = newState;
+ selectedMenuOption = 0;
+}
+
+UIState UI::getState() const {
+ return currentState;
+}
+
+void UI::setGameMode(GameModeType mode) {
+ currentGameMode = mode;
+
+ // Create appropriate game mode instance - C++11 compatible version
+ switch (mode) {
+ case GameModeType::CLASSIC:
+ gameMode.reset(new ClassicMode());
+ break;
+ default:
+ gameMode.reset(new ClassicMode());
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // Initialize the game mode
+ if (gameMode) {
+ gameMode->initialize(game);
+ }
+}
+
+GameModeType UI::getGameMode() const {
+ return currentGameMode;
+}
+
+void UI::setTheme(int themeIndex) {
+ applyTheme(themeIndex);
+}
+
+int UI::getThemeCount() const {
+ return static_cast<int>(themes.size());
+}
+
+std::string UI::getThemeName(int index) const {
+ if (index >= 0 && index < static_cast<int>(themes.size())) {
+ return themes[index].name;
+ }
+ return "Unknown";
+}
+
+void UI::toggleAnimations() {
+ animationsEnabled = !animationsEnabled;
+ settingsOptions[0] = std::string("Animations: ") + (animationsEnabled ? "ON" : "OFF");
+}
+
+// Drawing helpers
+void UI::drawCenteredText(WINDOW* win, int y, const std::string& text, bool highlight) {
+ int maxX = getmaxx(win);
+
+ int x = (maxX - text.length()) / 2;
+
+ if (highlight) wattron(win, A_REVERSE);
+ mvwprintw(win, y, x, "%s", text.c_str());
+ if (highlight) wattroff(win, A_REVERSE);
+}
+
+void UI::drawBorderedWindow(WINDOW* win, const std::string& title) {
+ int maxX = getmaxx(win);
+
+ // Draw the border
+ box(win, 0, 0);
+
+ // Draw the title if provided
+ if (!title.empty()) {
+ int titleX = (maxX - title.length()) / 2;
+ wattron(win, A_BOLD);
+ mvwprintw(win, 0, titleX, " %s ", title.c_str());
+ wattroff(win, A_BOLD);
+ }
+}
+
+void UI::drawTile(WINDOW* win, int row, int col, int value) {
+ int colorPair;
+ switch (value) {
+ case 0: colorPair = 1; break; // Empty tile
+ case 2: colorPair = 2; break;
+ case 4: colorPair = 3; break;
+ case 8: colorPair = 4; break;
+ case 16: colorPair = 5; break;
+ case 32: colorPair = 6; break;
+ case 64: colorPair = 7; break;
+ case 128: colorPair = 8; break;
+ case 256: colorPair = 9; break;
+ case 512: colorPair = 10; break;
+ case 1024: colorPair = 11; break;
+ case 2048: colorPair = 12; break;
+ default: colorPair = 13; break; // Higher values
+ }
+
+ // Draw the tile with color if not empty
+ wattron(win, COLOR_PAIR(colorPair) | A_BOLD);
+ mvwprintw(win, row + 1, col * 6 + 1, "%5d", value == 0 ? 0 : value);
+ wattroff(win, COLOR_PAIR(colorPair) | A_BOLD);
+}
+
+// Menu drawing functions
+void UI::drawMainMenu() {
+ werase(mainWindow);
+
+ int maxY, maxX;
+ getmaxyx(mainWindow, maxY, maxX);
+
+ // Draw title
+ wattron(mainWindow, COLOR_PAIR(14) | A_BOLD);
+ drawCenteredText(mainWindow, maxY / 4, "2048 GAME", false);
+ wattroff(mainWindow, COLOR_PAIR(14) | A_BOLD);
+
+ // Menu options
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < mainMenuOptions.size(); i++) {
+ int y = maxY / 3 + i * 2 + 5;
+
+ if (static_cast<int>(i) == selectedMenuOption) {
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_REVERSE | A_BOLD);
+ drawCenteredText(mainWindow, y, mainMenuOptions[i], true);
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_REVERSE | A_BOLD);
+ } else {
+ drawCenteredText(mainWindow, y, mainMenuOptions[i], false);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Footer
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_DIM);
+ drawCenteredText(mainWindow, maxY - 2, "Use UP/DOWN to navigate, ENTER to select", false);
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_DIM);
+
+ wrefresh(mainWindow);
+}
+
+void UI::drawModeSelection() {
+ werase(mainWindow);
+
+ int maxY, maxX;
+ getmaxyx(mainWindow, maxY, maxX);
+
+ // Title
+ wattron(mainWindow, COLOR_PAIR(14) | A_BOLD);
+ drawCenteredText(mainWindow, maxY / 4, "SELECT GAME MODE", false);
+ wattroff(mainWindow, COLOR_PAIR(14) | A_BOLD);
+
+ // Mode options
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < modeSelectionOptions.size(); i++) {
+ int y = maxY / 3 + i * 2 + 2;
+
+ if (static_cast<int>(i) == selectedMenuOption) {
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_REVERSE | A_BOLD);
+ drawCenteredText(mainWindow, y, modeSelectionOptions[i], true);
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_REVERSE | A_BOLD);
+ } else {
+ drawCenteredText(mainWindow, y, modeSelectionOptions[i], false);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Navigation help
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_DIM);
+ drawCenteredText(mainWindow, maxY - 2, "Use UP/DOWN to navigate, ENTER to select", false);
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_DIM);
+
+ wrefresh(mainWindow);
+}
+
+void UI::drawPauseMenu() {
+ // Draw a box in the center of the screen
+ int maxY, maxX;
+ getmaxyx(mainWindow, maxY, maxX);
+
+ int boxHeight = 6 + static_cast<int>(pauseMenuOptions.size()) * 2;
+ int boxWidth = 30;
+ int boxY = (maxY - boxHeight) / 2;
+ int boxX = (maxX - boxWidth) / 2;
+
+ // Draw the box
+ for (int y = boxY; y < boxY + boxHeight; y++) {
+ for (int x = boxX; x < boxX + boxWidth; x++) {
+ if (y == boxY || y == boxY + boxHeight - 1 || x == boxX || x == boxX + boxWidth - 1) {
+ mvwaddch(mainWindow, y, x, ACS_BLOCK);
+ } else {
+ mvwaddch(mainWindow, y, x, ' ');
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Title
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_BOLD);
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 2, boxX + (boxWidth - 6) / 2, "PAUSED");
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_BOLD);
+
+ // Menu options
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < pauseMenuOptions.size(); i++) {
+ if (static_cast<int>(i) == selectedMenuOption) {
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_REVERSE | A_BOLD);
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 4 + static_cast<int>(i) * 2,
+ boxX + (boxWidth - static_cast<int>(pauseMenuOptions[i].length())) / 2,
+ "%s", pauseMenuOptions[i].c_str());
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_REVERSE | A_BOLD);
+ } else {
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 4 + static_cast<int>(i) * 2,
+ boxX + (boxWidth - static_cast<int>(pauseMenuOptions[i].length())) / 2,
+ "%s", pauseMenuOptions[i].c_str());
+ }
+ }
+
+ wrefresh(mainWindow);
+}
+
+void UI::drawSettings() {
+ werase(mainWindow);
+
+ int maxY, maxX;
+ getmaxyx(mainWindow, maxY, maxX);
+
+ // Title
+ wattron(mainWindow, COLOR_PAIR(15) | A_BOLD);
+ drawCenteredText(mainWindow, maxY / 4, "SETTINGS", false);
+ wattroff(mainWindow, COLOR_PAIR(15) | A_BOLD);
+
+ // Settings options
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < settingsOptions.size(); i++) {
+ int y = maxY / 3 + static_cast<int>(i) * 2 + 2;
+
+ if (static_cast<int>(i) == selectedMenuOption) {
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_REVERSE | A_BOLD);
+ drawCenteredText(mainWindow, y, settingsOptions[i], true);
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_REVERSE | A_BOLD);
+ } else {
+ drawCenteredText(mainWindow, y, settingsOptions[i], false);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Navigation help
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_DIM);
+ drawCenteredText(mainWindow, maxY - 2, "Use UP/DOWN to navigate, ENTER to toggle, ESC to return", false);
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_DIM);
+
+ wrefresh(mainWindow);
+}
+
+void UI::drawTutorial() {
+ werase(mainWindow);
+
+ int maxY, maxX;
+ getmaxyx(mainWindow, maxY, maxX);
+
+ // Title
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_BOLD);
+ drawCenteredText(mainWindow, 2, "TUTORIAL", false);
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_BOLD);
+
+ // Tutorial content
+ std::vector<std::string> tutorial = {
+ "Welcome to 2048!",
+ "",
+ "How to play:",
+ "1. Use arrow keys to move all tiles in one direction",
+ "2. When two tiles with the same number touch, they merge into one!",
+ "3. After each move, a new tile appears (either 2 or 4)",
+ "4. The goal is to create a tile with the value 2048",
+ "",
+ "Tips:",
+ "- Keep your highest value tile in a corner",
+ "- Try to maintain a clear path to that corner",
+ "- Plan ahead and think about what will happen after each move"
+ };
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < tutorial.size(); i++) {
+ if (tutorial[i].empty()) {
+ continue;
+ } else if (i > 0 && tutorial[i-1].empty()) {
+ // Section header
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_BOLD);
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, 5 + static_cast<int>(i), 5, "%s", tutorial[i].c_str());
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_BOLD);
+ } else {
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, 5 + static_cast<int>(i), 5, "%s", tutorial[i].c_str());
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Navigation help
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_DIM);
+ drawCenteredText(mainWindow, maxY - 2, "Press any key to return to main menu", false);
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_DIM);
+
+ wrefresh(mainWindow);
+}
+
+void UI::drawExitConfirm() {
+ // Draw a box in the center of the screen
+ int maxY, maxX;
+ getmaxyx(mainWindow, maxY, maxX);
+
+ int boxHeight = 7;
+ int boxWidth = 40;
+ int boxY = (maxY - boxHeight) / 2;
+ int boxX = (maxX - boxWidth) / 2;
+
+ // Draw the box
+ for (int y = boxY; y < boxY + boxHeight; y++) {
+ for (int x = boxX; x < boxX + boxWidth; x++) {
+ if (y == boxY || y == boxY + boxHeight - 1 || x == boxX || x == boxX + boxWidth - 1) {
+ mvwaddch(mainWindow, y, x, ACS_BLOCK);
+ } else {
+ mvwaddch(mainWindow, y, x, ' ');
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Question
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_BOLD);
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 2, boxX + (boxWidth - 29) / 2, "Are you sure you want to quit?");
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_BOLD);
+
+ // Options
+ std::string yes = "Yes";
+ std::string no = "No";
+
+ // Highlight selected option
+ if (selectedMenuOption == 0) {
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_REVERSE | A_BOLD);
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 4, boxX + boxWidth / 3 - 2, "%s", yes.c_str());
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_REVERSE | A_BOLD);
+
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 4, boxX + 2 * boxWidth / 3 - 2, "%s", no.c_str());
+ } else {
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 4, boxX + boxWidth / 3 - 2, "%s", yes.c_str());
+
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_REVERSE | A_BOLD);
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 4, boxX + 2 * boxWidth / 3 - 2, "%s", no.c_str());
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_REVERSE | A_BOLD);
+ }
+
+ wrefresh(mainWindow);
+}
+
+void UI::drawGameOver() {
+ int maxY, maxX;
+ getmaxyx(mainWindow, maxY, maxX);
+
+ // Display game over overlay
+ int boxHeight = 7;
+ int boxWidth = 30;
+ int boxY = (maxY - boxHeight) / 2;
+ int boxX = (maxX - boxWidth) / 2;
+
+ // Draw box
+ for (int y = boxY; y < boxY + boxHeight; y++) {
+ for (int x = boxX; x < boxX + boxWidth; x++) {
+ if (y == boxY || y == boxY + boxHeight - 1 ||
+ x == boxX || x == boxX + boxWidth - 1) {
+ mvwaddch(mainWindow, y, x, ACS_BLOCK);
+ } else {
+ mvwaddch(mainWindow, y, x, ' ');
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Draw game over message
+ wattron(mainWindow, COLOR_PAIR(13) | A_BOLD);
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 2, boxX + (boxWidth - 9) / 2, "GAME OVER");
+ wattroff(mainWindow, COLOR_PAIR(13) | A_BOLD);
+
+ // Draw final score
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_BOLD);
+ std::string scoreText = "Final Score: " + std::to_string(game.getScore());
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 4, boxX + (boxWidth - static_cast<int>(scoreText.length())) / 2,
+ "%s", scoreText.c_str());
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_BOLD);
+
+ // Instruction to continue
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_DIM);
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 6, boxX + 2, "Press any key to continue");
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_DIM);
+
+ wrefresh(mainWindow);
+}
+
+void UI::drawVictory() {
+ int maxY, maxX;
+ getmaxyx(mainWindow, maxY, maxX);
+
+ // Display victory overlay
+ int boxHeight = 9;
+ int boxWidth = 40;
+ int boxY = (maxY - boxHeight) / 2;
+ int boxX = (maxX - boxWidth) / 2;
+
+ // Draw box
+ for (int y = boxY; y < boxY + boxHeight; y++) {
+ for (int x = boxX; x < boxX + boxWidth; x++) {
+ if (y == boxY || y == boxY + boxHeight - 1 ||
+ x == boxX || x == boxX + boxWidth - 1) {
+ mvwaddch(mainWindow, y, x, ACS_BLOCK);
+ } else {
+ mvwaddch(mainWindow, y, x, ' ');
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Victory message
+ wattron(mainWindow, COLOR_PAIR(12) | A_BOLD);
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 2, boxX + (boxWidth - 18) / 2, "VICTORY! YOU WIN!");
+ wattroff(mainWindow, COLOR_PAIR(12) | A_BOLD);
+
+ // Congratulatory message
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_NORMAL);
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 4, boxX + 2, "Congratulations! You've reached 2048!");
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_NORMAL);
+
+ // Draw final score
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_BOLD);
+ std::string scoreText = "Final Score: " + std::to_string(game.getScore());
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 6, boxX + (boxWidth - static_cast<int>(scoreText.length())) / 2,
+ "%s", scoreText.c_str());
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_BOLD);
+
+ // Instruction to continue
+ wattron(mainWindow, A_DIM);
+ mvwprintw(mainWindow, boxY + 8, boxX + 2, "Press any key to continue");
+ wattroff(mainWindow, A_DIM);
+
+ wrefresh(mainWindow);
+}
+
+void UI::drawBoard() {
+ werase(gameWindow);
+
+ // Draw border
+ drawBorderedWindow(gameWindow, "2048");
+
+ // Display the board
+ const auto& board = game.getBoard();
+ for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) {
+ for (int j = 0; j < SIZE; ++j) {
+ int value = board[i][j].getValue();
+ drawTile(gameWindow, i, j, value);
+ }
+ }
+
+ wrefresh(gameWindow);
+}
+
+void UI::drawScore() {
+ werase(scoreWindow);
+
+ // Draw border
+ drawBorderedWindow(scoreWindow, "Score");
+
+ // Current score
+ wattron(scoreWindow, A_BOLD);
+ mvwprintw(scoreWindow, 1, 2, "%d", game.getScore());
+ wattroff(scoreWindow, A_BOLD);
+
+ // High score
+ wattron(scoreWindow, A_NORMAL);
+ mvwprintw(scoreWindow, 2, 2, "Best: %d", game.getHighScore());
+ wattroff(scoreWindow, A_NORMAL);
+
+ wrefresh(scoreWindow);
+}
+
+void UI::drawInfo() {
+ werase(infoWindow);
+
+ // Draw border
+ drawBorderedWindow(infoWindow, "Info");
+
+ // Add controls info
+ wattron(infoWindow, A_BOLD);
+ mvwprintw(infoWindow, 1, 2, "Controls:");
+ wattroff(infoWindow, A_BOLD);
+ mvwprintw(infoWindow, 1, 12, "Arrow keys to move");
+
+ mvwprintw(infoWindow, 2, 2, "P: Pause R: Restart Q: Quit");
+
+ // Game goal
+ wattron(infoWindow, A_BOLD);
+ mvwprintw(infoWindow, 3, 2, "Goal: Reach the 2048 tile!");
+ wattroff(infoWindow, A_BOLD);
+
+ wrefresh(infoWindow);
+}
+
+// Event handlers for menu input
+void UI::handleMainMenuInput() {
+ int key = wgetch(mainWindow);
+ if (key == ERR) return;
+
+ switch (key) {
+ case KEY_UP:
+ if (selectedMenuOption > 0) {
+ selectedMenuOption--;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case KEY_DOWN:
+ if (selectedMenuOption < static_cast<int>(mainMenuOptions.size()) - 1) {
+ selectedMenuOption++;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case '\n': // Enter key
+ case ' ': // Space key
+ switch (selectedMenuOption) {
+ case 0: // Play Game
+ setState(UIState::GAME_PLAYING);
+ break;
+
+ case 1: // Select Mode
+ setState(UIState::MODE_SELECTION);
+ break;
+
+ case 2: // Settings
+ setState(UIState::SETTINGS);
+ break;
+
+ case 3: // Tutorial
+ setState(UIState::TUTORIAL);
+ break;
+
+ case 4: // Quit
+ setState(UIState::EXIT_CONFIRM);
+ break;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case 'q':
+ case 'Q':
+ setState(UIState::EXIT_CONFIRM);
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+void UI::handleModeSelectionInput() {
+ int key = wgetch(mainWindow);
+ if (key == ERR) return;
+
+ switch (key) {
+ case KEY_UP:
+ if (selectedMenuOption > 0) {
+ selectedMenuOption--;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case KEY_DOWN:
+ if (selectedMenuOption < static_cast<int>(modeSelectionOptions.size()) - 1) {
+ selectedMenuOption++;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case '\n': // Enter key
+ case ' ': // Space key
+ if (selectedMenuOption == static_cast<int>(modeSelectionOptions.size()) - 1) {
+ // Back option
+ setState(UIState::MAIN_MENU);
+ } else {
+ // Set game mode and start game
+ GameModeType mode;
+ switch (selectedMenuOption) {
+ case 0: mode = GameModeType::CLASSIC; break;
+ default: mode = GameModeType::CLASSIC; break;
+ }
+
+ setGameMode(mode);
+ setState(UIState::GAME_PLAYING);
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case 27: // ESC key
+ setState(UIState::MAIN_MENU);
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+void UI::handleGameInput() {
+ int key = wgetch(mainWindow);
+ if (key == ERR) return;
+
+ switch (key) {
+ case KEY_LEFT:
+ case KEY_RIGHT:
+ case KEY_UP:
+ case KEY_DOWN:
+ // Pass to game mode for handling
+ if (gameMode) {
+ gameMode->handleInput(game, key);
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case 'p':
+ case 'P':
+ setState(UIState::PAUSE_MENU);
+ break;
+
+ case 'r':
+ case 'R':
+ if (gameMode) {
+ gameMode->initialize(game);
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case 'q':
+ case 'Q':
+ case 27: // ESC key
+ setState(UIState::PAUSE_MENU);
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+void UI::handlePauseMenuInput() {
+ int key = wgetch(mainWindow);
+ if (key == ERR) return;
+
+ switch (key) {
+ case KEY_UP:
+ if (selectedMenuOption > 0) {
+ selectedMenuOption--;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case KEY_DOWN:
+ if (selectedMenuOption < static_cast<int>(pauseMenuOptions.size()) - 1) {
+ selectedMenuOption++;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case '\n': // Enter key
+ case ' ': // Space key
+ switch (selectedMenuOption) {
+ case 0: // Resume
+ setState(UIState::GAME_PLAYING);
+ break;
+
+ case 1: // Restart
+ if (gameMode) {
+ gameMode->initialize(game);
+ }
+ setState(UIState::GAME_PLAYING);
+ break;
+
+ case 2: // Main Menu
+ setState(UIState::MAIN_MENU);
+ break;
+
+ case 3: // Quit
+ setState(UIState::EXIT_CONFIRM);
+ break;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case 'p':
+ case 'P':
+ case 27: // ESC key
+ // Resume game
+ setState(UIState::GAME_PLAYING);
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+void UI::handleSettingsInput() {
+ int key = wgetch(mainWindow);
+ if (key == ERR) return;
+
+ switch (key) {
+ case KEY_UP:
+ if (selectedMenuOption > 0) {
+ selectedMenuOption--;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case KEY_DOWN:
+ if (selectedMenuOption < static_cast<int>(settingsOptions.size()) - 1) {
+ selectedMenuOption++;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case '\n': // Enter key
+ case ' ': // Space key
+ switch (selectedMenuOption) {
+ case 0: // Animations toggle
+ toggleAnimations();
+ break;
+
+ case 1: // Theme selection
+ // Cycle through themes
+ setTheme((currentTheme + 1) % static_cast<int>(themes.size()));
+ break;
+
+ case 2: // Back
+ setState(previousState);
+ break;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case 27: // ESC key
+ setState(previousState);
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+void UI::handleTutorialInput() {
+ int key = wgetch(mainWindow);
+ if (key == ERR) return;
+
+ // Any key returns to main menu
+ setState(UIState::MAIN_MENU);
+}
+
+void UI::handleExitConfirmInput() {
+ int key = wgetch(mainWindow);
+ if (key == ERR) return;
+
+ switch (key) {
+ case KEY_LEFT:
+ selectedMenuOption = 0; // Yes
+ break;
+
+ case KEY_RIGHT:
+ selectedMenuOption = 1; // No
+ break;
+
+ case '\n': // Enter key
+ case ' ': // Space key
+ if (selectedMenuOption == 0) {
+ // Yes - exit the game
+ endwin();
+ exit(0);
+ } else {
+ // No - return to previous state
+ setState(previousState);
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case 27: // ESC key
+ setState(previousState);
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+// Game event callbacks
+void UI::onTileMerged(int row, int col, int value) {
+ // Simplified implementation - no animation
+}
+
+void UI::onTileSpawned(int row, int col, int value) {
+ // Simplified implementation - no animation
+}
+
+void UI::onScoreChanged(int newScore, int prevScore) {
+ // Simplified implementation - no animation
+}
+
+void UI::onGameOver() {
+ setState(UIState::GAME_OVER);
+}
+
+void UI::onVictory() {
+ setState(UIState::VICTORY);
+}
+-main.cpp
+#include "UI.hpp"
+#include "Extra.hpp"
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+ try {
+ // Initialize the game
+ initializeGame();
+
+ // Create and initialize UI
+ UI ui;
+ if (!ui.initialize()) {
+ cleanupGame();
+ std::cerr << "Failed to initialize UI" << std::endl;
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ // Run the game
+ ui.run();
+
+ // Clean up
+ cleanupGame();
+
+ return 0;
+ } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+ // Clean up ncurses in case of exception
+ endwin();
+ std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+-extra.hpp
+#ifndef EXTRA_HPP
+#define EXTRA_HPP
+
+#include <ncurses.h>
+
+// Initialize the game
+void initializeGame();
+
+// Clean up the game
+void cleanupGame();
+
+// Initialize colors
+void initColors();
+
+// Get color pair for a tile value
+int getTileColorPair(int value);
+
+#endif // EXTRA_HPP
+-extra.cpp
+#include "Extra.hpp"
+#include <ncurses.h>
+
+void initializeGame() {
+ initscr();
+ noecho();
+ keypad(stdscr, TRUE);
+ curs_set(0);
+
+ // Initialize colors
+ if(has_colors()) {
+ start_color();
+ initColors();
+ }
+}
+
+void initColors() {
+ // Initialize color pairs
+ init_pair(1, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_WHITE); // Default
+ init_pair(2, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_GREEN); // 2
+ init_pair(3, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_CYAN); // 4
+ init_pair(4, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_BLUE); // 8
+ init_pair(5, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_MAGENTA); // 16
+ init_pair(6, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_RED); // 32
+ init_pair(7, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_BLUE); // 64
+ init_pair(8, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_MAGENTA); // 128
+ init_pair(9, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_RED); // 256
+ init_pair(10, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_YELLOW); // 512
+ init_pair(11, COLOR_BLACK, COLOR_YELLOW); // 1024
+ init_pair(12, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_GREEN); // 2048
+ init_pair(13, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_RED); // Higher
+ init_pair(14, COLOR_YELLOW, COLOR_BLACK); // Gold text
+ init_pair(15, COLOR_CYAN, COLOR_BLACK); // Cyan text
+}
+
+int getTileColorPair(int value) {
+ switch(value) {
+ case 0: return 1; // Default
+ case 2: return 2; // 2
+ case 4: return 3; // 4
+ case 8: return 4; // 8
+ case 16: return 5; // 16
+ case 32: return 6; // 32
+ case 64: return 7; // 64
+ case 128: return 8; // 128
+ case 256: return 9; // 256
+ case 512: return 10; // 512
+ case 1024: return 11; // 1024
+ case 2048: return 12; // 2048
+ default: return 13; // Higher values
+ }
+}
+
+void cleanupGame() {
+ endwin();
+}
+-makefile
+CC = g++
+CFLAGS = -std=c++11 -Wall -I include
+LDFLAGS = -lncurses
+
+# Directories
+SRCDIR = src
+INCDIR = include
+OBJDIR = obj
+BINDIR = bin
+
+# Create directories if they don't exist
+$(shell mkdir -p $(OBJDIR) $(BINDIR))
+
+# Source files and object files
+SOURCES = $(wildcard $(SRCDIR)/*.cpp)
+OBJECTS = $(patsubst $(SRCDIR)/%.cpp,$(OBJDIR)/%.o,$(SOURCES))
+EXECUTABLE = $(BINDIR)/2048
+
+# Main target
+all: directories $(EXECUTABLE)
+
+# Create necessary directories
+directories:
+ mkdir -p $(OBJDIR) $(BINDIR)
+
+# Link the executable
+$(EXECUTABLE): $(OBJECTS)
+ $(CC) $(OBJECTS) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+ @echo "Build successful! Run with: $(EXECUTABLE)"
+
+# Compile object files
+$(OBJDIR)/%.o: $(SRCDIR)/%.cpp
+ $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+# Clean build files
+clean:
+ rm -rf $(OBJDIR)/*.o $(EXECUTABLE)
+
+# Run the executable
+run: all
+ $(EXECUTABLE)
+
+.PHONY: all directories clean run
+-2048.hpp
+// 2048.hpp
+#ifndef GAME2048_HPP
+#define GAME2048_HPP
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <array>
+#include <functional>
+#include "Tile.hpp"
+
+#define SIZE 4
+
+// Event types for observers
+enum class GameEvent {
+ TILE_MOVED,
+ TILE_MERGED,
+ TILE_SPAWNED,
+ SCORE_CHANGED,
+ GAME_WON,
+ GAME_OVER
+};
+
+// Game state observer pattern
+using GameEventCallback = std::function<void(GameEvent, int, int, int)>;
+
+class Game2048 {
+private:
+ std::array<std::array<Tile, SIZE>, SIZE> board;
+ std::array<std::array<Tile, SIZE>, SIZE> previousBoard;
+ bool moved;
+ int score;
+ int previousScore;
+ int highScore;
+ std::vector<GameEventCallback> observers;
+
+ void spawnTile();
+ void addToScore(int value);
+ void notifyObservers(GameEvent event, int row = -1, int col = -1, int value = 0);
+ void notifyObservers(GameEvent event, int fromRow, int fromCol, int toRow, int toCol, int value);
+ void saveBoardState();
+
+public:
+ Game2048();
+ void resetBoard();
+
+ // Movement methods
+ void moveLeft();
+ void moveRight();
+ void moveUp();
+ void moveDown();
+
+ // Game state methods
+ bool canMove() const;
+ bool hasWon() const;
+ int getScore() const;
+ int getHighScore() const;
+ void undoMove();
+
+ // Special actions for power-ups
+ void clearRow(int row);
+ void clearColumn(int col);
+ void doubleScoreTile(int row, int col);
+ void upgradeTile(int row, int col);
+
+ // Board access
+ const std::array<std::array<Tile, SIZE>, SIZE>& getBoard() const;
+
+ // Observer pattern methods
+ void addObserver(GameEventCallback callback);
+ void removeAllObservers();
+};
+
+#endif // GAME2048_HPP
+
+// Tile.hpp
+#ifndef TILE_HPP
+#define TILE_HPP
+
+class Tile {
+private:
+ int value;
+ bool mergedThisTurn;
+ bool isNew;
+ float animationProgress;
+
+public:
+ Tile();
+
+ // Basic operations
+ void setValue(int val);
+ int getValue() const;
+ void setMerged(bool merged);
+ bool getMerged() const;
+ void setNew(bool newTile);
+ bool getNew() const;
+
+ // Animation management
+ void setAnimationProgress(float progress);
+ float getAnimationProgress() const;
+ void resetAnimation();
+
+ // Operators
+ bool operator==(const Tile& other) const;
+ Tile& operator*=(int multiplier);
+ Tile& operator=(const Tile& other);
+};
+
+#endif // TILE_HPP
+
+// GameMode.hpp
+#ifndef GAMEMODE_HPP
+#define GAMEMODE_HPP
+
+#include <string>
+#include <ncurses.h> // For KEY_ constants
+#include "2048.hpp"
+
+enum class GameModeType {
+ CLASSIC,
+ TIMED,
+ POWERUP,
+ CHALLENGE,
+ ZEN,
+ TUTORIAL
+};
+
+// Base abstract class for all game modes
+class GameMode {
+protected:
+ GameModeType type;
+ std::string name;
+ std::string description;
+ bool gameOver;
+ bool gameWon;
+
+public:
+ GameMode(GameModeType type, const std::string& name, const std::string& description);
+ virtual ~GameMode() = default;
+
+ // Pure virtual methods that derived classes must implement
+ virtual void initialize(Game2048& game) = 0;
+ virtual bool update(Game2048& game, float deltaTime) = 0;
+ virtual void handleInput(Game2048& game, int key) = 0;
+ virtual void render() = 0;
+
+ // Common methods for all modes
+ GameModeType getType() const;
+ const std::string& getName() const;
+ const std::string& getDescription() const;
+ bool isGameOver() const;
+ bool isGameWon() const;
+ virtual void setGameOver(bool over);
+ virtual void setGameWon(bool won);
+};
+
+// Classic mode - original 2048 gameplay
+class ClassicMode : public GameMode {
+public:
+ ClassicMode();
+ void initialize(Game2048& game) override;
+ bool update(Game2048& game, float deltaTime) override;
+ void handleInput(Game2048& game, int key) override;
+ void render() override;
+};
+
+#endif // GAMEMODE_HPP
+
+// UI.hpp
+#ifndef UI_HPP
+#define UI_HPP
+
+#include <ncurses.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+#include "2048.hpp"
+#include "GameMode.hpp"
+
+// UI states
+enum class UIState {
+ MAIN_MENU,
+ MODE_SELECTION,
+ GAME_PLAYING,
+ PAUSE_MENU,
+ GAME_OVER,
+ VICTORY,
+ TUTORIAL,
+ SETTINGS,
+ EXIT_CONFIRM
+};
+
+class UI {
+private:
+ // State management
+ UIState currentState;
+ UIState previousState;
+ int selectedMenuOption;
+
+ // Menu options
+ std::vector<std::string> mainMenuOptions;
+ std::vector<std::string> modeSelectionOptions;
+ std::vector<std::string> pauseMenuOptions;
+ std::vector<std::string> settingsOptions;
+
+ // Window management
+ WINDOW* mainWindow;
+ WINDOW* gameWindow;
+ WINDOW* scoreWindow;
+ WINDOW* infoWindow;
+
+ // Game state
+ Game2048 game;
+ GameModeType currentGameMode;
+
+ // Mode instances
+ std::unique_ptr<GameMode> gameMode;
+
+ // Background and color management
+ float backgroundEffectTimer;
+ bool animationsEnabled;
+
+ // Theme management
+ struct Theme {
+ std::string name;
+ };
+ std::vector<Theme> themes;
+ int currentTheme;
+
+ // Helper methods
+ void createWindows();
+ void destroyWindows();
+ void initializeThemes();
+ void applyTheme(int themeIndex);
+
+ // Drawing helpers
+ void drawCenteredText(WINDOW* win, int y, const std::string& text, bool highlight = false);
+ void drawBorderedWindow(WINDOW* win, const std::string& title = "");
+ void drawTile(WINDOW* win, int row, int col, int value);
+
+ // Event handlers
+ void handleMainMenuInput();
+ void handleModeSelectionInput();
+ void handleGameInput();
+ void handlePauseMenuInput();
+ void handleSettingsInput();
+ void handleTutorialInput();
+ void handleExitConfirmInput();
+
+ // Menu drawing
+ void drawMainMenu();
+ void drawModeSelection();
+ void drawPauseMenu();
+ void drawSettings();
+ void drawTutorial();
+ void drawExitConfirm();
+
+ // Game UI
+ void drawBoard();
+ void drawScore();
+ void drawInfo();
+ void drawGameOver();
+ void drawVictory();
+
+ // Game event callbacks
+ void onTileMerged(int row, int col, int value);
+ void onTileSpawned(int row, int col, int value);
+ void onScoreChanged(int newScore, int prevScore);
+ void onGameOver();
+ void onVictory();
+
+public:
+ UI();
+ ~UI();
+
+ // Initialization
+ bool initialize();
+
+ // Main game loop
+ void run();
+
+ // State management
+ void setState(UIState newState);
+ UIState getState() const;
+
+ // Game mode management
+ void setGameMode(GameModeType mode);
+ GameModeType getGameMode() const;
+
+ // Theme management
+ void setTheme(int themeIndex);
+ int getThemeCount() const;
+ std::string getThemeName(int index) const;
+
+ // Settings
+ void toggleAnimations();
+};
+
+#endif // UI_HPP
## How to build and Run
```bash
# Build the project
+need to install the dependencies for ncurses with this code **sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev** then in terminal type
make
# Run the game